At the end of September 1610, Polish troops with folded banners, like thieves wrapping rags around horse hooves, entered Moscow. To be fair, it is worth noting that the Poles did not come on their own initiative. This shameful event was preceded by the decision of Moscow Judas, who voluntarily opened the gates. Historians place responsibility for this betrayal on the members of the Seven Boyars, partially keeping silent the names of the most important representatives. This is understandable: it is inconvenient to directly accuse a representative of the future royal family of handing over the country to the Poles. Shuisky’s weakness Before this event, Russia was weakened by turmoil. Our troops were defeated by the Poles. Great Hetman Zolkiewski led an impressive force and moved from the west to Moscow. False Dmitry II approached the Kremlin from the south with an impressive army, ready for any decisive action. Tsar Vasily Shuisky for a long time had no influence on the situation, his power was purely nominal; As a result of this ferment, the organization “Seven Boyars” arose, which could well be called the “Committee of National Salvation.” The king, who did not live up to the hopes of the people, was removed and forcibly tonsured a monk. All power passed to the boyars – the oligarchs of that time. First, their goals seemed worthy, and the agreements were aimed at preventing discord in the country. So they allegedly decided not to elect a king, so as not to offend anyone, but to rule by a general council. But soon, on reflection, they came up with another idea: to appoint a new sovereign to rule Russia. As they say, neither yours nor ours. The choice fell on the Polish prince Vladislav. The 15-year-old prince was given conditions, the first of which was the adoption of Orthodoxy. They also agreed to use the Polish army against False Dmitry and provided guarantees for the preservation of all boyar privileges and liberties. The boyars remembered the call of Rurik, who came to restore order. It seemed that it was enough to invite an authoritative and strong leader, and everything would work out by itself. There was no official agreement with Vladislav yet, but the boyars had already forced all of Moscow to swear allegiance to the new Russian Tsar. The consequences of this decision were a bitter map for Moscow. On August 17, 1610, in the Zholkiewski camp, an agreement was signed between the Polish prince and the Russian throne. And already on August 27, Moscow swore allegiance to Vladislav. Among those who called the stranger were the Romanovs. The main initiators of this treacherous step are Fyodor Mstislavsky and Ivan Romanov. The last name was quite rare to hear in such an awkward context. The reason is that he was the uncle of the future Russian Tsar, the founder of the dynasty. It is not good for kings to get involved with the Judases. A group of traitors led by Romanov, contrary to the interests of their country, invited a foreigner to the throne, and most importantly, to please exclusively their own selfish interests, troops approached Moscow, the boyars cordially welcomed the unjust enemy, calling on him to pacify the indignant residents. The Poles ruled the city with a new government. It was headed by Mikhail Saltykov and Fedor Andronov. The Swedes, taking advantage of the devastation of Russia, occupied the north of the country. At this time, the question of the survival of the state as a whole became acute. The Swedes held Novgorod, False Dmitry was active in the country, and the Polish army ruled in Moscow. The foreigners behaved like conquerors, and the seven-boyars lost the respect of the people of Vasily Shuisky, who surrendered Moscow with his weakness. Rescue of drowning people The beginning seemed rosy to the boyars. Zholkiewski and a hundred soldiers were treated like a prince and presented with magnificent gifts. For some time the city was plunged into general joy, fun and brotherhood. But soon the Poles began to implement their true plan. Suddenly, instead of hundreds, there were 15 thousand armed foreigners in the city. And when they felt their strength, the first bells rang. Russians increasingly began to complain about drunken Polish nobles shooting at Orthodox icons on the city gates. And, for example, on January 26, 1611, Muscovites turned to the commander Zolkiewski with complaints that at divine services the Poles were laughing and swearing, dishonoring and dishonoring the saints. They allowed themselves to beat and tyrannize the townspeople, and episodes of violence against Russian women appeared. The boyars shrugged their shoulders, saying that they themselves invited and provoked. The proud European warriors showed a different face. The testimony was left by the Polish nobleman Samuil Maskevich, who kept a diary about his stay in Moscow. The Pole himself confirmed that his brothers did not appreciate the kind treatment they received. If they liked something, they took it away by force, even from the wife or daughter of a Russian landowner. The situation became tense, and it came to a bloody conflict. Only theoretically, 700 thousand Muscovites, even unarmed, could trample Poles and Eurosoldiers en masse. But the Russians had their own knife stuck in their backs. The same Samuil Maskevich wrote that the Poles began to burn the city on the advice of the generous Russian boyars, who decided to destroy Moscow even more precisely than his comrade-in-arms, the noble captain Nikolai Markhotsky. “The boyars told us: “At least burn the whole city!” And this was done by the Poles, who did not care about everything Russian. The Zemsky Sobor suffered great losses with the accession of Romanov. Those Russians who survived and continued to surrender again swore allegiance to Vladislav. They were ordered to gird themselves with towels – the idea of marking “dirty” on clothes was later adopted by the Nazis, who at that time forced all Jews to wear the Star of David, and c. Meanwhile, the Nazi customs of the future were successfully tested by the Poles. Having completely cleared Moscow with fire and pacified it to the state of a cemetery, the guests willingly showed a truly European position towards the Russians, and finally, the people’s militia. Having liberated Moscow from the Poles, the surviving representatives of the seven-boyars began to actively participate in the preparation and holding of the Zemsky Sobor, at which they all together elected a new Tsar, Mikhail Romanov.
0 комментариев