causes, risk factors, symptoms and diagnostic methods – Russia today Posting in CHAT: Russia Cervical cancer is an oncological pathology in which malignant degeneration of epithelial cells occurs. In terms of frequency of occurrence in women, it is second only to breast cancer. Evening Moscow learned more about the causes of this disease, as well as how to identify the pathology, from an obstetrician-gynecologist of the highest category, Doctor of Medical Sciences Surayo Nazarova. Causes of cervical cancer According to a specialist, the cause of cervical cancer is an oncogenic type of human papillomavirus (HPV). Risk factors for the development of this type of oncology are: early onset of sexual activity by sexual partners who do not use barrier methods of contraception - nicotine promotes the activation of the human papillomavirus; It was believed that cervical cancer mainly occurs in women over 40 years of age, but now there is a tendency towards its rejuvenation. That is, this happens to both young women and girls,” said Nazarova. How to detect uterine cancer. In the initial stages, the disease may not manifest itself in any way, the gynecologist noted. But in the later stages of cervical cancer, the following appear: spotting after sexual intercourse, painful and prolonged sexual intercourse, pain in the lower abdomen and back; cancer in the early stages - so-called screening. Basically, it includes regular examinations with an obstetrician-gynecologist. Scheduled examinations must be carried out every six months, even in the absence of complaints,” Nazarova noted. During a visit to the doctor, they must take a smear from the cervix for cytology or a Pap test, the doctor emphasized: “Normally, the result of a smear for cytology should be negative. That is, no atypical cells were found.” detected in a cytological smear. Depending on the results of the cytological smear, regular examination of smears allows for the timely detection of cervical dysplasia, which is a precancerous condition of the cervix), colposcopy and biopsy according to indications - all these methods are aimed at the timely detection of pathologies and cancer prevention, the specialist explained. “And, of course, the most important thing in preventing cervical cancer is vaccination against HPV, against the nine most powerful types of HPV,” added Nazarova. Source link Source link
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New coronaviruses from the FLiRT group have appeared, doctors talk about symptoms and consequences, why there is no vaccine for covid – May 23, 2024. Posting in CHAT: Russia Source: Alexander Oshchepkov/NGS.RU New coronaviruses from the FLiRT group have begun to spread throughout the world. They have already been identified in 14 European countries and Israel. They could lead to another rise in Covid cases, especially as the number of infected people is rising again. In Spain, the number of hospitalizations due to COVID-19 has quadrupled in two weeks. Between May 5 and May 11, Singapore recorded more than 25,900 cases. Scientists note that strains from the FLiRT group are more infectious than previous ones. Does this mean that a pandemic will break out again around the world? Will the virus become even wilder? Is it possible to protect yourself from it? What to do if there are significantly fewer Covid vaccines? Our colleagues from MSK1.RU asked these questions to microbiologists, immunologists and infectious disease specialists. Details in this material. What kind of “flirting” is this? A few days ago, the Financial Times, citing data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reported that the US could see a new rise in Covid cases this summer. It's all due to a new variant of the FLiRT virus. According to the centers, over the past two weeks, strains of this group have been identified in 28.2% of those infected with COVID-19. According to immunologist Vladimir Bolibok, a new group of FLiRT viruses has been spreading around the world for several years. months. . Like all previous ones, it may well reach Russia, where the predominant variant of covid JN.1 is still spreading. But, the doctor believes, there is no need to worry: the new strains are a different type of omicrons, and they are not much different from their predecessors - The first wave of omicrons took place in February 2022 in Russia. And since then it has been circulating among us. As usual, a mutation has occurred and the virus bypasses the immunity developed through other strains and vaccination. Therefore, most likely, one day it will reach us,” Bolibok told MSK1.RU. The molecular biologist, head of the laboratory of biotechnology and virology of the Faculty of Natural Sciences of NSU also says that there are new coronaviruses. . no more dangerous than the Sergei Netesov University omicron. In his opinion, with the advent of FLIRT in Russia, a slight increase in incidence is possible. But this will not be accompanied by an increase in the number of deaths. There is no need to worry at all, because a tense nervous system weakens the body. People who have risk factors just need to be careful. In public places it is necessary to wear respirators or masks,” he noted in a conversation with MSK1.RU.209. Symptoms. The symptoms of the new Covid strains are still the same: fever, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose. Sometimes they arise. Signs of the first variant of COVID-19 are loss of taste and smell. But for Omicron this is not the most obvious symptom,” emphasized Vladimir Bolibok. “The difference between coronavirus and other viruses is that a person suddenly becomes weak, he cannot do anything. anything, even getting out of bed Omicron affects the bronchopulmonary system, causing increased blood clotting and viral pneumonia. The virus is also insidious in that a person often carries it asymptomatically, but he can still develop complications: thrombosis, heart attacks, strokes, fasting. -Covid state – Post-Covid state is a very bad situation when a person has no strength, there is some kind of physical stress - the heart is beating, the head is hard to think. Gastritis, prostatitis is getting worse, strange. an allergy appears,” Bolibok once explained in a report on this topic. The world literature describes 209 symptoms that people may complain about. Vladimir Bolibok, immunologist. Particular care should be taken by people over 65 years of age, patients with type 1-2 diabetes mellitus, those who have undergone organ transplantation and cancer patients. The incidence rate is increasing in the city, they should wear masks or respirators again and protect themselves from infection in public places,” said Sergei Netesov. “The vaccine cannot be trusted. “There is a new group of coronavirus strains neither in Russia nor in other countries of the world,” says Netesov. – Now we don’t even have a vaccine against the variants of Covid that appeared last fall – Abroad, they try to make vaccines against new strains about once every six months. But remember: this FLIRT appeared and even. In the best case scenario, a vaccine against it will appear no earlier than in 3-4 months. But with our technologies, with Russian ones, we will have to wait almost a year,” explained the molecular biologist. Therefore there is. there is no point in relying on a vaccine, there is no vaccine against the current variants Sergei Netesov, molecular biologist Vladimir Bolibok, the essence of the problem is that Russia has reduced financial programs to combat coronavirus. As a result, their production also decreased. As Nikolay Bespalov, development director of the analytical company RNC Pharma, told MSK1.RU, “In 2022–2023, the production of vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19 decreased significantly compared to the acute one. pandemic phase in 2021. In 2022, 11.2 million doses were supplied to the domestic market, in 2023 - 13.2 million, and in the first quarter of 2024, deliveries amounted to about 1.86 million - almost 80% less than in the same period. in 2022,” Bespalov said. The Covid issue has faded into the background, if not into the background, but the situation may get worse. Then it will be necessary to quickly increase production, and the technical capabilities for this are there, the expert believes. According to him, this year the bulk of the vaccine used is the drug Convasel from the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums. Why are there so few vaccines? In October 2023, the director of the Gamaleya NF Center, Alexander Gintsburg, said that the Sputnik V vaccine had lost its protective properties against coronavirus. The thing is that coronavirus very often changes its antigenic structure, so it is necessary to regularly develop new vaccine options. However, last year, apparently, they did not have time to do this. In December, scientists managed to release a new antigenic composition of the Sputnik V vaccine. At the time, it protected against all circulating strains of coronaviruses. But at the Gamaleya Center there are no strains from the FLiRT group, so it is unknown whether the vaccine can protect Russians from the new variant of the virus, Gunzburg told MSK1.RU - Moreover, according to the head of Rospotrebnadzor Anna Yuryevna Popova, we do not have FLiRT in our country. I don't really believe in it. Its contagiousness (contagiousness - editor's note) is increasing. Two months ago, 70 people died here. [от коронавируса] per week is now about 50, which is 3.5-4 times more than with the flu, the microbiologist specified. According to Gintsburg, since December the Gamaleya Center has released 600 thousand doses of the updated vaccine into civilian circulation, but this is “...an absolutely ridiculous amount.” indications, and it is not purchased centrally, but from each region independently - In order for it to be purchased with budget money, there must be an indication from local authorities that the epidemiological situation is such that we must purchase this vaccine. But if you know, Rospotrebnadzor keeps talking and saying that you don’t need to get vaccinated against Covid-19,” Ginzburg said. Therefore, this is not a scientific or organizational issue, but a purely administrative issue of the Gamaleya Science Foundation Center, the microbiologist believes. that the vaccine will be supplied in sufficient quantities only when Rospotrebnadzor recognizes the situation with coronavirus infection as dangerous and gives a signal about the need to vaccinate the population. We are not preparing masks; we are also thinking about creating a combined vaccine that will protect the population from influenza and coronavirus. But if the situation with influenza is more or less clear, then it is impossible to predict Covid mutations. from this panel. The coronavirus, you see, has a completely incomprehensible structure. It produces several new strains per year. It is also unclear how long this will continue,” Bolibok explained. However, we should not wait for a new pandemic, the immunologist believes. Of course, everything will depend on the intensity of the growing impact, but given the wave of infections that has begun in Europe, this will not be a disaster - the incidence will increase, but it is unlikely that any restrictive measures will be introduced. such as mask regime, social isolation, quarantine, etc. Everyone should have their own responsibility, their own health. It is advisable that people at risk find the opportunity to get vaccinated,” he concluded. The MSK1.RU correspondent also sent an official request to the press service of Rospotrebnadzor to find out whether the number of coronavirus cases has increased and how the agency plans to do this. . to cope with a potential wave of infection. We previously wrote that the anti-coronavirus drug Avifavir has disappeared from Russian pharmacies. It was prescribed to patients with COVID-19 to reduce the viral load in the body and alleviate the course of the disease. In January, at the World Economic Forum in Davos, preparations for a new pandemic “X”, which does not yet exist, but…
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symptoms of measles, how to treat measles, shortage of vaccines, shortage of eggs, medicines, analogues of medicines, when will the measles vaccine be available – May 3, 2024 – Russia today Posting in CHAT: Russia A large number of people do not vaccinate their children on principle, and this is bearing fruit Source: Alexander Oshchepkov/NGS.RU The incidence of measles in Russia has broken all records: in 2023, more than 12 thousand people fell ill from it. This is the maximum number of people infected in the last 29 years, Medvestnik reports, citing data from Rospotrebnadzor. Recently, measles epidemics have been regularly recorded in different regions of Russia, including Moscow and the region. In March, an infection was detected in a resident of Lyubertsy near Moscow, and students in one of the buildings of Moscow State University were transferred to distance learning due to the detection of the disease. There are more and more such cases: the population is actively urged to get vaccinated against this dangerous disease. Why do Russians get measles en masse? How does this relate to egg deficiency? Is it possible to protect yourself in such difficult times? MSK1.RU discussed these issues with doctors and pharmacists. They set an anti-record. If we talk about numbers, in 2023 the incidence of measles increased 127 times compared to the previous year and reached 8.92 cases per 100 thousand people. In 2022, this figure was 0.07 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. And in 2019, when measles broke out across the country, infection was detected in 3.06 cases - still less than in 2023. The last time there was a record number of measles cases in Russia was in 1994 – 30 years ago. Then 28.6 thousand people suffered from the infection - that’s almost 20 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. Later, the incidence decreased and did not exceed 4.8 thousand people Source: Maria Romanova / City portals Why did measles again reach a new record? Some doctors attribute this to the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that during the period of restrictions, children were not vaccinated or were vaccinated later than expected - The increase in the incidence of measles is mainly associated with unsuccessful vaccination. During the pandemic, clinics were so overwhelmed that they stopped monitoring vaccinations. And the children’s parents were afraid of contact with coronavirus infection, and visits to clinics themselves were limited,” explained MSK1 immunologist Vladimir Bolibok. “Therefore, now there is a fairly large layer of children who did not receive measles vaccinations on time. Doctor, Candidate of Medical Sciences Andrei Kondrakhin, on the contrary, believes that the increase in children who were not vaccinated during the pandemic is small, and the situation is not great. The effect was influenced by the annexation of new territories to Russia and anti-vaccination programs. “If we remember our neighboring country, which, unfortunately, is unfriendly, they stopped buying measles vaccines from us, and the population was not vaccinated, and this is the child population. Therefore, all the units and regions that joined us fell into this unfortunate group of people who did not have the opportunity to get vaccinated,” Kondrakhin explained. In addition, a large number of people do not vaccinate their children at all. According to Kondrakhin, anti-vaccinations reduce the population's immunity, and Russians suffer from measles epidemics - What is population immunity? It is then that about 85% of children are vaccinated. A small percentage of those who are not vaccinated (15-20%), as a rule, do not cause problems, the doctor noted, if the number of vaccinated people falls below 80%, then measles may raise it with the chief physician. lack of revaccination. The therapist emphasized that adults who were vaccinated in childhood need to be vaccinated again. However, no one does this - The last time we had to revaccinate was when I was 30 years old. But honestly, hand on heart, who did it? Who did the antibody test? According to Kondrakhin, anyone who is vaccinated against measles can get a mild form of the infection and infect others with it. It is important to get tested for antibodies and find out if you are protected from this disease. Russia needs eggs. Last year in Russia there were problems with “children’s” vaccines against measles, rubella and mumps. Parents could not vaccinate their children because vaccines disappeared even from clinics. This is due to the fact that in 2023 the production of measles vaccines sharply decreased, Nikolai Bespalov, development director of the analytical company RNC Pharma, told MSK1.RU. “Then vaccine production decreased by 31% compared to 2022 (only 3.2 million doses). ) About 18% of this volume was produced in December, meaning doctors and patients only saw them at the beginning of this year, in fact, Russian President Vladimir Putin had a serious shortage of vaccines in December. He explained the lack of vaccines by the lack of chicken eggs necessary for the production of medicines. Bespalov emphasized that eggs of a special quality are used to grow viruses, which were imported in significant volumes, but after 2022, problems arose with supplies.” This year the situation has generally returned to normal. In the first three months, 1.4 million doses came to market, nearly four times more than in the first quarter of 2022, he said. If vaccine production continues at current levels, we will receive 5-6 doses this year. million doses. But this is still not enough to solve the problem of the spread of measles. According to forecasts, Russia needs 12-15 million doses per year. At the beginning of 2024, the Belgian combination vaccine Priorix-Tetra began to be supplied to the market. Bespalov believes that his supply volumes are small and are unlikely to increase significantly. Instead of the American vaccine MMP-2, which disappeared in Russia, a domestic analogue, Vaktrivir, appeared. What kind of animal is measles? Although measles is a childhood infection, it is very dangerous for adults. The older a person is, the more seriously he suffers from childhood diseases, noted Vladimir Bolibok: “This phenomenon is due to the fact that the older a person is, the worse his cellular immunity works against viral infections,” he explained, measles is similar to viral infections. ARVI symptoms: high fever, headache, dry cough, loss of appetite. Then a characteristic rash appears - first on the face, then spreads throughout the body Source: City Portals Measles can lead to many complications: measles pneumonia or measles encephalitis. There is also a fulminant form of measles, in which a person dies within a few days. There are no special tablets for measles; treatment must be symptomatic - antipyretics; if itching occurs - stabilizers and antihistamines. If any complications arise, they also depend on the symptoms: will there be antibiotics for pneumonia, will there be hormonal drugs, steroid hormones for severe measles,” said Bolibok. The only protection against measles is vaccination. This can be done even if the person has been in contact with a sick person, because immunity against infection develops faster than its incubation period ends, there is a vaccine against cancer and a new generation of immunomodulatory drugs, Vladimir Putin said. MSK1.RU spoke with one of the developers of the vaccine about what it will look like and when it will appear in hospitals. We also wrote that in the capital’s clinics they want to introduce the interpretation of X-ray studies using artificial intelligence, and discussed. this initiative is with doctors. Source link Source link