How and where in Russia they make the best plywood in the world. SPHERICAL – Russia today Posting in CHAT: Russia Who would have thought that the familiar plywood is actually a unique, super-strong material, and Russia makes it better than anyone else. Let's find out how this happens and where the best plywood in the world is produced. Valuable raw materials The best plywood is birch, this type is produced only in Russia. Birch is a very valuable species; it is protected and protected from drying out in the sun. For comparison, birch does not grow in the USA, and plywood there is made from softer pine. “The majority of Russian plywood enterprises are located in forest regions with developed infrastructure - the North-Western, Central districts, the Urals and Siberia. During the Great Patriotic War, industry supplied plywood for the needs of the front and rear. Today Russia exports more than 50% of its plywood production to the USA, Canada and the European Union,” writes the FB.ru website. The city of Kirov is one of the centers of the timber industry. Starting early in the morning at the Vyatka plywood mill, birch enters the plant in the form of logs cut into equal parts to create this unique Russian product. They are used to make something like bundles, which are secured with massive metal chains. hot water to steam it. The water appears brown due to the resin that the birch tree produces. It protects the wood from rotting. After some time, the blackened logs are removed to equalize the temperature and allow the heat to distribute deeper into the room. magazines. The wood softens and can now be cleaned by removing the bark and layers of wood from the tree in a spiral pattern. These layers are called milk. The thinnest milk is produced in Russia. The milk is then cut into leaves and dried. A special device finds and cuts out areas with traces of bark or knots and places the pieces in their place. Smart machines glue high-quality linen fabrics at the seams. Making plywood Laminate is made from glued layers of veneer. One sheet of plywood has an odd number of layers. Even layers are glued together with special glue. The layers of milk are laid with fibers perpendicular to each other, which gives the plywood additional strength. Next, cold and hot pressing are performed. The resulting plywood cannot be broken with a blow - it bends under the blow and regains its strength. Plywood, familiar to all of us since childhood, turns out to be a unique, super-strong material. There is no waste during production - everything defective is sent to the production of fiberboard (fibreboard) or fuel briquettes, as well as to thermal power plants. “Despite the apparent complexity of plywood production technology, today it is one of the most profitable types of business in woodworking. Having even a minimal fleet of machinery and equipment, you can build a production facility capable of producing competitive products and generating stable profits,” writes the website lesoteka.com. But this is not all the processes; the products at the Vyatka plywood mill are the cheapest in the industry. Plywood can also be used to create a more durable laminate, or delta wood. Sliding bearings and silent gears are made from such wood. It can even replace bronze. The material resists any impact, does not crack or stretch. The secret of strength is in the bakelite resin with which all layers are impregnated - it can reach hundreds, which even wood can do. be used underwater. In the Soviet Union, lightweight and durable wood was used to make the fuselage and wings of military aircraft, such as the first all-wood Soviet fighter aircraft, nicknamed "Royal". “The use of one or another production technology makes it possible to obtain a material with specified technical parameters. The production of material for formwork or temporary structures is possible from any raw material. But for shipbuilding or the manufacture of light aircraft hulls, bakelite plywood is suitable. We need one that is not inferior to aluminum in its physical and mechanical properties. For this, only high-quality linden or birch is used, with a minimum number of knots. The process of gluing and drying leaves is carried out under strict temperature control. and humidity,” writes the website lesoteka.com. SPHERE https://dzen.ru Source link Source link
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PhosAgro launched a powerful fertilizer plant, investing 34 billion rubles in its construction. SPHERICAL – Russia today Posting in CHAT: Russia PhosAgro completed a 10-year investment cycle by opening a chemical complex in the city of Volkhov. This production line can be called one of the largest in the world. The scale of construction can be judged by the amount of investment in the amount of 34 billion rubles. Thanks to the modernization of existing facilities and the construction of a new plant, PhosAgro increased production in Volkhov by 4 times. In general, over the years, production has doubled, which can be called an amazing result. And that's not all: the company has set itself a more ambitious goal. PhosAgro is making a breakthrough. It took PhosAgro 5 years to build a powerful fertilizer production line. It is expected that with its launch, the annual volume of processing of apatite concentrate will increase more than five times and exceed 1.5 million tons, the production of sulfuric and phosphoric acid will increase 5 times and reach 1.1 million tons and 500 thousand tons, respectively. . . “New production facilities for the extraction of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, water-soluble mineral fertilizers, new warehouses and a complex for the utilization of waste process steam have been built, providing the enterprise with 85% of its own electricity generation,” the regional noted. The opening of a new production facility, as we have already said, is the crown of a 10-year investment cycle that began in 2014. The company has significantly increased production capacity in a number of regions of Russia, including the Leningrad and Vologda regions. “PhosAgro”, “Murmansk” and “Saratov”. As a result, almost all of the apatite concentrate produced by PhosAgro, which is about 11 million tons, will be processed domestically. And this is another step towards increasing the depth of processing of chemical industrial products in Russia. PhosAgro is one of the most dynamically developing Russian companies. Achieving such results is an extremely difficult task, since Russia was already one of the world leaders in fertilizer production. Investments in the future To implement the project, we used the best available technologies, mainly Russian. The production of ammonium sulfate in the form of granules was only the initial stage in the process of expanding the range of PhosAgro products produced at the Balakovo plant. Governor of the Leningrad Region Alexander Drozdenko emphasized that the new enterprise has created 700 jobs, half of them are occupied by highly qualified engineering specialists. Their average salary is 125 thousand rubles. In December 2023, an investment contract was concluded with JSC Apatit for the implementation of the third stage of the enterprise development program. It is planned to increase the production of mineral fertilizers, including MAP, DAF, NPK, NPS using advanced technologies. The phased introduction of facilities into pilot industrial operation will be carried out this year, and by 2026 it is planned to achieve production in Balakovo of almost 1 million tons of complex NPK fertilizers and more than 500 thousand tons of DAP. The municipal district and region must provide stable conditions for the investor throughout the entire term of the contract. “At the moment the project is in an active stage. These days, a major overhaul began in the phosphate fertilizer shop of the enterprise. Within its framework, measures will be implemented that will allow this summer to begin production of one of the new types of products mentioned above on the lines of the Balakovo branch of Apatit JSC - diammonium phosphate (DAP).” – Director of the Balakovo branch of Apatit JSC (PhosAgro group) Sergey Lobanov. The PhosAgro company is mainly focused on meeting the needs of the domestic market. However, it is worth noting that the company’s products are also exported to more than 100 countries. In the coming years, they plan to invest about 70 billion annually in production. This already means a transition to a new investment cycle. SPHERE https://dzen.ru Source link Source link
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Il-112 will go down in history? Shoigu announced the creation of a “new” jet transport aircraft, and the UAC has already begun work. SPHERICAL Posting in CHAT: Russia Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said that the UAC is creating a new military transport aircraft, the Il-212, based on the Il-112V. What will be improved in the mod and when should we expect the transporter to appear? Without external help, 2022 inspired many Russian industries; Such grace for production workers, one might say, has not been seen for the last 30 years. But put away your smile: we will tell you about how hard life is for Russian enterprises, inundated with orders. Well, about what new transport vehicle with increased payload capacity will soon appear in Russia. And they remembered the Il-212 completely spontaneously - when the Ministry of Defense decided that it would be good to have a light jet transport. And this happened just after the French refused to supply the hot part of the SaM-146 engine, and it was replaced with the PD-8. The project of the Il-112 aircraft, the fuselage of which will form the basis, was collecting dust on the shelves of the Ilyushin Design Bureau for a very long time, and they could not start its production for many reasons. Firstly, due to a breakdown in relations with India, with which the aircraft was developed. Then there was a breakdown in supply chains with one former Soviet republic, and then there was an engine problem. In general, until Russia localized the production of components on its territory and relied exclusively on its industry, it was not possible to begin work on the aircraft. More precisely, they didn’t give it. Such dirty tricks happened every time under the auspices of Washington. And a similar fate befell many Russian projects. Some of them are still collecting dust on sites, waiting in the wings. But for the Il-212 aircraft this hour has finally come. “Transportnik” is on the way Another large-scale project is being revived under the auspices of the Ministry of Defense and the UAC: “The United Aviation Corporation has already begun developing the technical design of the aircraft. the end of 2026,” Shoigu said (RIA Novosti). The minister explained that the new aircraft will have increased payload capacity, increased flight range, as well as ease of refueling and maintenance. IL-212 will be significantly different from IL-212. 112V. “The aircraft will retain the same amount of avionics and avionics as its predecessor, as well as the fuselage as a whole. At the same time, it will receive PD-8 turbojet engines instead of TV-117S turboprop engines. Therefore, the wing and landing gear of the aircraft will be redesigned, and new fuel and hydraulic systems will be installed,” an anonymous source told RIA Novosti. The interlocutor emphasized that the engines will be installed above the wing, thanks to which the aircraft will be able to take off from unprepared runways and unpaved airfields. The transporter is suitable for operation in Arctic latitudes. The Il-212 will replace the An-26 and An-72. Antonov’s aircraft, by the way, were previously produced in the Ukrainian SSR, but now this republic is being actively decommunized, and after 2022 also by force. And the planes are only available for sovereign and self-sufficient countries.SPHEREhttps://dzen.ru Source link Source link