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Who are the people of God, why were they afraid of them and why were they revered in Rus’? Posting in CHAT: Russia They healed people with one touch. They predicted terrible events. We have lived our entire lives in deprivation. Who really were the holy fools? Can their predictions be trusted? For what merits were they canonized? And was there any real proof that God's people had the gift of prophecy? Who really were the holy fools? It is probably quite difficult for a modern person to answer this question. After all, the very idea that we would listen to a person who walks around half naked in winter is wild to us. We would rather consider him crazy, but stupidity cannot be denied as a cultural phenomenon. Of course, it is very interesting to look at these people from this point of view. It is worth understanding that the peak of stupidity in Rus' occurred in the fifteenth century. Of course, there were prophets both before and after this time. But it was in Rus' at that time that there was a special tendency towards the popularity of holy fools. To understand how this happened, it is enough to remember the structure of life at that time. People living in a familiar environment knew each other and belonged to a certain class. And suddenly someone appears in their ranks who is completely out of the picture. Something strange and unknown. People start whispering. These rumors become legends, becoming more and more incredible facts. To this day, there are stories in which holy fools literally performed miracles. But whether it really was so, believers will tell you that, of course, it was so. It is not for nothing that holy fools were canonized. Skeptics will call them city crazy. But to find out the truth, we had to live in the fifteenth century and observe them with our own eyes. And therefore, one can believe this story only given the impressionability of the people in Russia. One way or another, they believed in the incredible abilities of holy fools not without reason. Even if you do not pay attention to their predictions, which may well be coincidences. There were some facts that could not be explained logically. Firstly, their durability. Almost all of God's people lived to be eighty years old. And some even survived this era. And this is despite the fact that the average life expectancy in Rus' was much shorter. The next fact that you should pay attention to is their way of life. They all lived in deprivation. They walked barefoot and almost naked even in severe frosts. But at the same time they never got sick. And, finally, the fact of healing. Of course, we can talk about psychosomatics or acupuncture. But how could the blessed people living on the street have such knowledge? This question will forever remain unanswered for us. So who were the most famous holy fools? Maxim the Blessed. Living in the fifteenth century, Maxim the Blessed became more famous after his death. During his lifetime, he taught the residents of Moscow the way of God. He reminded everyone that it is worth patiently enduring all the difficulties of life. And also to rejoice in every mercy bestowed by the Lord. He often criticized Muscovites for faking their faith. He said that everyone just crosses themselves, but doesn't pray. He had the gift of healing. The church next to which he lived was renamed in his honor. His relics were also kept there. In the eighteenth century, there was a terrible fire in Moscow. The same church also burned down. The relics of St. Maximus the Blessed caught fire. However, after the fire it turned out that all the bones were intact and intact. Which, of course, was perceived as a miracle. Since during his lifetime the holy fool was considered a miracle worker, people believed that his remains were capable of healing. The most famous example is the widow Belkin, who dreamed of an old man who called her to the relics of Maxim the Wonderworker. It was after attending church at night that she could not sleep. Although I never complained about sleep. And so, when everyone in the household fell asleep, she smelled smoke. Having woken everyone up, they managed to immediately put out the fire. And again glory was attributed to the relics of the holy fool. Many associated their luck with touching the relics of St. Maximus the Blessed. However, after the revolution they mysteriously disappeared from the church. Saint Basil Probably every person has heard about Saint Basil at least once in his life. He was born near the cathedral, which is also connected with his attachment to God. He always walked barefoot and naked. He removed spoiled products from the shelves of shopping centers so that people would not be poisoned by them; it was he who broke the icon of the Mother of God, making sure that the devil was depicted on it. And indeed, when the top layer of paint was removed, underneath there was an image of the devil. He predicted to Ivan the Terrible a fire in Moscow and Novgorod. And also the reign of his son Fyodor, I heard that it was precisely this that was preceded by a hundred years terrible for our people without a king and a place of worship, with turmoil and a passion for gold. They considered the holy fool much stronger than the rest of the blessed ones. The Temple is named in his honor, where people from all over the world still come. Matrona Barefoot It turns out that holy fools were popular not only in the fifteenth century. So, in the nineteenth century, during the reign of Nicholas II, we knew about Matrona Nudpied. The unusual woman who predicted the future always walked barefoot and never refused help. I have always tried to alleviate people's suffering. Rumors about her quickly spread throughout St. Petersburg. Matrona’s prayers work miracles - that’s what people said. Sincerely believing that she belonged to God, Matrona herself cared little about her glory. Even when she was invited to the court to meet the imperial family, she behaved as usual. After all, Matrona always tried to help people, regardless of who was in front of her - a peasant or an emperor. More than twenty thousand people came to see her off on her last journey. There are always holy fools. Some considered them prophets, others charlatans. Some believed in their holiness, others believed that they needed the help of a doctor. However, stupidity as a cultural phenomenon will forever remain in the history of our ancestors. Source link Source link
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Who in Rus’ was called a “nobleman”, and who was an “excellent student” • Russia today Posting in CHAT: Russia In the sentence “Your Honor, Lady Fortune,” the word “nobility” is a so-called private title. Lady Luck was undoubtedly a noblewoman. Portrait of a soldier of the palace company, grenadier M. Kulakov. 1915; Portrait of Chancellor A.M. Gorchakov Vladimir Poyarkov/Curator Museum, St. Petersburg; Georg Botmann In the sentence “Your Honor, Lady Fortune,” the word “nobility” represents a so-called private title. Lady Luck was undoubtedly a noblewoman. Before Peter the Great's time, only the tsar and princes from the Rurik dynasty had titles in Russia. Peter the Great introduced the titles of count and baron in Russia, and most importantly, created a Table of Ranks, which established a clear hierarchy of ranks. But rank and title are not the same thing. Lord and Lordship A person received the title of baron, count or prince by birthright or received it as a reward from the emperor. When a woman got married, she became part of her husband's family - a princess, baroness or countess. Their daughter, when she married, lost her title because it was impossible to transfer it to her husband. Princes, barons and counts bore the title “Your Excellency” or, when given the title of His Serene Highness, “Your Highness”. . Mercy.” These rules were binding on everyone except the emperor. The princes were also required to call each other "reign" and "reign" in official settings. Well, for any person lower in the hierarchy to confuse or forget the title when addressing the prince is a terrible disrespect and a secular failure, which will certainly be exposed publicly and, very likely, will lead to exclusion from society. . titles were established for members of the ruling house. The Emperor, Empress, and Empress Dowager were the only three people addressed as "Your Imperial Majesty." Children and grandchildren of the emperor - “Your Imperial Majesty.” “Your Majesty” was how princesses and princes of the imperial blood were addressed (in a broad sense, all relatives of emperors). “Your Grace” - Prince Arkady Alexandrovich Suvorov. Jean-Laurent Monier, 1805 Nobles, excellencies, degrees In addition to titles in the Russian Empire, there were ranks (civil) and parallel ranks (military), introduced by the Table of Ranks. The ranks also had their own forms of titles, which every Russian knew by heart. After all, it is wrong to address a nobleman, especially a peasant, - this is a disaster; one could either face physical violence or be taken to the police. “Your Honor” is how officials and military personnel are ranked by rank and rank. Classes were held from 14:00 to 9:00. The 14th Collegiate Registrar is the first civilian rank awarded to post office managers and officials such as institutional secretaries. 9th - titular councilor in the civil service, a rank giving the right to personal nobility, or lieutenant in the army. There were no sergeants then, so the very first “nobility” for the military began with the rank of ensign (12th grade). “Your Honor” is a title given to nobles in ranks from 8th class (assistant, major) to 6th. higher education (collective adviser, colonel). “Your Honor” - this is how they addressed the 5th class, state councilors, brigadiers, and then colonels. “Your Honor” - Vasily Andreevich Petrov, collegiate registrar (XIV class) Photo studio “L. Raevsky" "Your Excellency" - these are the 3rd and 4th classes (privy councilors and generals). “Your Excellency” - this was the title given to the highest dignitaries of the empire of the 1st and 2nd classes - actual privy councilors, chancellors, and in the army - senior generals and field marshals. Titles were mandatory for use by equal rank and rank and persons of lower rank and ranks. At the same time, the princely title “eclipsed” some other noble titles; even if a prince or count had the rank of 9th class, he had to bear the title “Your Excellency” (in no case “Your nobility”). When talking about a title or official in the third person, it is necessary to talk about them in the plural - “They” and “They” (lord, majesty, nobility, etc.). “Your Excellency” - Count Stroganov Pavel Sergeevich, obershenk (court rank of the second class). There was another, unofficial title - “Your rank”, which was used to call merchants, especially merchants who belonged to official trading guilds. However, this title was not enshrined in the laws - it was a “popular” recognition of the influence and importance of the Russian merchants. “Your rank” - Alexey Dmitrievich Startsev (1838–1900), merchant of the first guild, industrialist, merchant advisor. Source link Source link