causes, risk factors, symptoms and diagnostic methods – Russia today Posting in CHAT: Russia Cervical cancer is an oncological pathology in which malignant degeneration of epithelial cells occurs. In terms of frequency of occurrence in women, it is second only to breast cancer. Evening Moscow learned more about the causes of this disease, as well as how to identify the pathology, from an obstetrician-gynecologist of the highest category, Doctor of Medical Sciences Surayo Nazarova. Causes of cervical cancer According to a specialist, the cause of cervical cancer is an oncogenic type of human papillomavirus (HPV). Risk factors for the development of this type of oncology are: early onset of sexual activity by sexual partners who do not use barrier methods of contraception - nicotine promotes the activation of the human papillomavirus; It was believed that cervical cancer mainly occurs in women over 40 years of age, but now there is a tendency towards its rejuvenation. That is, this happens to both young women and girls,” said Nazarova. How to detect uterine cancer. In the initial stages, the disease may not manifest itself in any way, the gynecologist noted. But in the later stages of cervical cancer, the following appear: spotting after sexual intercourse, painful and prolonged sexual intercourse, pain in the lower abdomen and back; cancer in the early stages - so-called screening. Basically, it includes regular examinations with an obstetrician-gynecologist. Scheduled examinations must be carried out every six months, even in the absence of complaints,” Nazarova noted. During a visit to the doctor, they must take a smear from the cervix for cytology or a Pap test, the doctor emphasized: “Normally, the result of a smear for cytology should be negative. That is, no atypical cells were found.” detected in a cytological smear. Depending on the results of the cytological smear, regular examination of smears allows for the timely detection of cervical dysplasia, which is a precancerous condition of the cervix), colposcopy and biopsy according to indications - all these methods are aimed at the timely detection of pathologies and cancer prevention, the specialist explained. “And, of course, the most important thing in preventing cervical cancer is vaccination against HPV, against the nine most powerful types of HPV,” added Nazarova. Source link Source link
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Samara scientists will patent a laser express diagnostic method for periodontitis Posting in CHAT: Russia The developed method makes it possible to predict the occurrence of the disease. Scientists from Samara University. Korolev and Samara State Medical University have filed a patent application for a method of laser express diagnostics of periodontitis they developed jointly. This dental disease can be detected with high accuracy in a matter of seconds, without the traditional x-rays and tests in such cases. The doctor will simply point a laser connected to a spectrograph at a suspicious tooth, then, using a connected laptop and special software created by scientists at Samara University, the composition of the tooth enamel is analyzed, deviations from the norm are automatically detected and a diagnosis is made. given whether there are periodontal changes or not. In addition, based on spectral changes in the composition of tooth enamel, the developed technique allows not only to identify the existing disease, but also to predict the likelihood of the imminent appearance of periodontitis. “Our joint scientific group has submitted an application to the Federal Institute of Industrial Property for a Russian patent for the invention of a method for diagnosing chronic periodontitis based on the organic and mineral composition of tooth enamel. Diagnosis of the disease is carried out using Raman spectroscopy methods. The results are processed using a special software algorithm. During preliminary studies that lasted several years, this diagnostic method was carefully developed and underwent experimental tests on patients in dental clinics in Samara,” said Elena Timchenko, Associate Professor of the Department of Laser and Biotechnical Systems. at Samara University. Koroleva, deputy scientific director of the interuniversity scientific laboratory "Tissue Engineering". Periodontitis is a very common disease. According to open sources, in the age group from 35 to 44 years, this pathology occurs in more than 80% of Russians seeking dental care. This inflammatory disease affects virtually all tissues surrounding the tooth, including those that connect the tooth to the jaw, eventually leading to tooth loss if left untreated. Therefore, it is very important to identify this disease as early as possible. The main factors for the occurrence of periodontitis are infections, weak immunity and poor oral hygiene. In the early stages of chronic periodontitis, the patient may sometimes experience itching and pain in the gums, bleeding when brushing teeth, and bad breath. However, these symptoms are also characteristic of other diseases; Moreover, in the earliest stages, periodontitis can be completely asymptomatic. The development of Samara scientists makes it possible to see a special spectral “imprint” of periodontitis in the enamel coating of a tooth, which will help the doctor quickly make a diagnosis, for example, during a clinical examination or preventive examination, or prescribe a prophylactic drug. therapy if the technique shows a high risk of developing periodontitis in the near future. “An important advantage of this diagnostic method is that the doctor immediately and quickly receives a large amount of data about the condition of the patient’s teeth. This in no way cancels classical diagnostic methods, but complements and improves them, reducing the factor of possible human error,” emphasized Elena Timchenko. Studies have shown that with periodontitis or the risk of its development, the content and proportions of certain substances in tooth enamel change. Using the Raman spectroscopy method and a developed technique based on a special algorithm. , the computer program automatically generates a diagnosis or warns of a threat. “Sick tissues feed the teeth less with the necessary substances and changes occur in the tooth enamel, which are fixed by the technique. For example, with periodontitis, the concentration of amide structures of types I-III, hydroxyproline, hydroxyapatites, etc. changes in the composition of tooth enamel. These changes are recorded by a special software algorithm that shows whether the tooth is sick or not. We have developed a technique for automatically assessing the resulting Raman spectra of tooth enamel. That is, depending on the cost. Based on the intensity of Raman scattering of certain substances found in tooth enamel, the program shows whether the tooth is healthy or sick, and if unhealthy, then how serious or great the risk of developing periodontitis in this tooth in the near future. plans to obtain a patent for this software,” noted Elena Timchenko. Source link Source link
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Full diagnostic cycle. An oncology clinic opened in the Stupino hospital Healthcare Posting in CHAT: Russia An outpatient oncology clinic began operating at the Stupino Clinical Hospital. Its mission is to provide affordable medical care to cancer patients and those with suspected cancer living in the urban districts of Stupino and Kashira. “Today there are 24 outpatient oncology centers in the Moscow region. In each case, the patient can undergo a full diagnostic cycle and receive treatment as soon as possible. The Central Clinical Hospital also conducts dispensary appointments for patients with confirmed disease. are under observation,” said First Deputy Head of the Government of the Moscow Region Svetlana Strigunkova Photo: mosreg.ru At the SAOP in Stupino, patients have access to ultrasound, X-ray examinations, computed tomography, mammography and laboratory diagnostics. Ready to accept up to 90 people per shift. There is also a day hospital for chemotherapy treatment with 10 beds. Previously, patients from Stupino and Kashira had to travel to the SAOP of other cities or to the regional oncology clinic in Balashikha. Now you can undergo a full range of diagnostics and receive treatment in our hospital. In the outpatient oncology clinic, primary diagnosis of oncological diseases is carried out, monitoring the progress of treatment and chemotherapy in a day hospital. Telemedicine consultations are also available. All services of the center are provided under compulsory medical insurance,” commented the chief physician of the Stupino Hospital, Svetlana Chudakova, on the opening of the center. Photo: mosreg.ru If cancer is suspected, a general practitioner or a highly specialized clinical specialist will make an appointment with an oncologist at the SAOP. Also, for patients registered at the pharmacy, self-registration is open through the regional portal of State Services “Health”, by calling 122 or the help desk at the clinic. Source link Source link