The Perm enterprise began serial deliveries of engine components for Angara launch vehicles Posting in CHAT: Russia The delivery included 21 sets of engine components and assemblies. In May of this year, Proton-PM manufactured JSC NPO Energomash 21 sets of components and assemblies of RD-191 engines for Angara launch vehicles. It is clarified that this is the first contract of the Perm enterprise for mass production of the main range Photo: “Proton-PM” The delivery set includes a turbopump, an oxidation-acceleration pump, an oxidation filter and a valve. pipeline with injector, heat protection and thermal insulation, special standards" The serial contract allowed Proton-PM to consolidate the technological process, thereby ensuring stability of production and quality of components for the new engine. Today we are developing manufacturing technology. Another key component of the RD-191 is the gas pipeline. In the future, we plan to master the final assembly of the engine at the modern production facilities of the enterprise in Novye Lyady,” said Ivan Krasnov, director of Proton-PM JSC. This was announced by the head of the Perm region Dmitry Makhonin. noted that a cluster for the production of rockets and aircraft engines is dynamically developing in the region. Local industrial enterprises produce competitive products, and the task of the regional government is to provide support for their production. Source link Source link
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“Proton” or “Angara”? Is the new rocket really better than the old one? – Russia today Posting in CHAT: Russia In mid-April this year, a relatively new heavy rocket, the Angara-A5, was launched into a test flight from the Vostochny Cosmodrome. She launched the Orion upper stage into orbit. As an additional payload, a small ultra-light spacecraft "Gagarinets" was launched into space. The rocket launched on the third attempt - on April 9 and 10, the launches were canceled automatically. "Angara" is intended to replace the Proton launch vehicle. It will be used in the construction of the Russian orbital station and will allow planning expeditions to the Moon and planets of the Solar System. True, domestic experts doubt this and they have compelling arguments. Old but competitive "Proton" "Proton" © hdpiclub.com "Proton" (UR-500, universal rocket "Proton-K", "Proton-M") - a heavy-class launch vehicle (LV), intended for automatic launch spacecraft into low-Earth orbit and further into outer space. Developed in 1961-1967 in the OKB-23 division (now the State Space Research and Production Center named after M.V. Khrunichev), which was part of OKB-52 V.N. The initial two-stage version of the Proton carrier (UR-500) became one of the first medium-heavy class carriers, and the three-stage Proton-K became one of the heavy ones. The Proton launch vehicle became the launch vehicle for all Soviet and Russian orbital stations Salyut-DOS and Almaz, modules of the Mir and ISS stations, planned manned spacecraft TKS and L-1/Zond (Soviet flight program to the Moon ), heavy satellites for various purposes. targets and interplanetary stations. Since the mid-2000s, the main modification of the Proton launch vehicle has been the Proton-M launch vehicle, used to launch both Russian and commercial foreign spacecraft (SC). It was thanks to Protons that Russia once controlled about 40% of the global launch services market. Rivals of Proton American launch vehicle Falcon-9 © SpaceX Currently in the world there are several heavy launch vehicles comparable in characteristics to the Proton-M launch vehicle. The main competitors of the Proton-M launch vehicle in terms of price and payload capacity are the American Falcon-9 launch vehicle, the European Ariane-5 heavy-class rocket of the Arianespas company and the international Sea Launch project with the Zenit medium rocket. . - heavy class launch vehicle. In addition, the American Atlas-5 and Delta-4 launch vehicles, as well as the Japanese H-IIB launch vehicle, can be considered competitors in terms of the mass of the payload put into orbit. However, the cost of the last three launch vehicles mentioned is significantly higher than the cost of the Proton-M launch vehicle, and therefore they do not actually compete with Proton in the commercial launch market. Another possible competitor is the Chinese Long March-3B medium-weight launch vehicle, but due to the American ban on the export of American high-tech products to China (International Traffic in Arms Regulations), this launch vehicle is currently used very little. Chinese Long March 3B rocket © nasaspaceflight.com Not all that glitters is gold The Proton launch vehicle is a fairly reliable rocket. From 1965 to the present, 426 launches have been carried out, of which only 27 were unsuccessful. True, Proton, like any rocket, has its drawbacks. This is, first of all, a toxic fuel - heptyl. In case of heptyl poisoning, a person may experience convulsions for many hours, loss of consciousness, pulmonary edema, and as a result, death occurs. In addition, when spent stages fall, fuel residues (in the case of Proton-K - more than two tons of heptyl) contaminate the soil at the fall site, which requires expensive cleanup measures. Besides pollution, this brings other problems. For example, the Kazakh side has more than once demanded monetary compensation in the tens of millions for soil and water pollution during the Proton accident and even a revision of the launch schedule. However, despite these shortcomings, Proton-M still surpasses many foreign launch vehicles in terms of payload mass in low reference orbit. Russian "Cheburashkas" "Angara" © Roscosmos "Angara" is a family of Russian unified launch vehicles with oxygen-kerosene engines, including carriers from light to heavy classes - in the payload range from 3.5 ("Angara-1.2") to 38 tons (“Angara-A5V”), designed to launch various cargo into low-Earth orbit. The rocket was named after the Angara, a powerful Russian river through which large traffic flows pass. In addition, the place where the Plesetsk cosmodrome was created was previously called the “Angara facility”. Thirty-two years ago, on August 3, 1992, a competition was announced for the design and creation of a heavy-class rocket and space complex. RSC Energia took part in the competition. Academician S.P. Korolev, State Research and Production Space Center named after. M.V. Khrunichev and the State Scientific Center “KB named after. Academician V.P. Makeev”, who presented several launch vehicle options for consideration by a specially formed interdepartmental expert commission. In August 1994, the competition was won by the option proposed by the State Research and Production Space Center. M. V. Khrunicheva. The competition was won by Angara for quite reasonable reasons: in Plesetsk the launch of the Zenit launch vehicle was almost ready, into which Angara was installed with minimal modifications. But there was no money for large-scale construction. During development, the project involved the creation of a two-stage launch vehicle with a packed tank arrangement with sequential operation of stages using liquid oxygen as oxygen, kerosene as fuel in the first stage and liquid hydrogen in the second. The fuel tanks were located around the oxygen tanks. This scheme was unofficially called “Cheburashka” because the large gas tanks, visually located on the sides, resembled ears from the cartoon. Angara had other advantages. The rocket could be easily transported by rail; its low height simplified the design of pipelines and eliminated difficulties with damping longitudinal vibrations or intertank compartments. And the second stage was distinguished by the use of an oxygen-hydrogen fuel pair and the RD-0120 engine, which, apparently, after “Energia” they had not yet forgotten how to work. It was planned that Angara would be able to occupy almost the entire Russian space launch market, creating on its basis a single replacement for most existing types of launch vehicles created in the USSR. "Angara-A5" and "Angara-A7" will replace the Proton launch vehicle, "Angara-A3" will replace the "Zenit-2" launch vehicle, and "Angara-A1.2" will replace the "Cyclone-2/3". “. “Angara-A1.1 launch vehicle” - Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. Russian long-term construction © Roscosmos In 1995, the Russian government issued a decree on the creation of a rocket with the first launch in 2005, but the project was buried due to a combination of factors. On the one hand, it was possible to more or less establish relations with Kazakhstan, Protons began making commercial launches, being very cheap on the international market, but there was still no money to develop a new rocket. In 2010, “due to financial problems,” the first launch was postponed to 2012. And then other launch delays began. And not at all because of a lack of funds, but because of the inefficiency of the space industry and banal theft. There were interruptions in the fulfillment of the tasks of the Federal Space Program. Only interstate obligations regarding the International Space Station were fulfilled without complications. The funds invested in the Angara project over two decades have increased the price of this not yet ready carrier many times over. According to the FKP, only in 2006–2015, the volume of funding for development work on the Angara amounted to 3288.1 million rubles, including from the federal budget in the amount of 2680 million (81.5%) and 608.1 million rubles. (18.5%). ). ) at the expense of funds invested in space activities by implementing organizations. In 2012, the head of the Federal Space Agency, who previously held the position of Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, V. A. Popovkin estimated the costs of developing Angara as follows: “After all, the same Angara cost us more than 160 billion rubles ($5.33 billion according to exchange rate of 30 rubles per dollar – Reedus Note). In 2013, 100 billion rubles were spent on the program. Only 6.6 billion rubles were spent on research and development work on the subject of “Angaras” for the re-equipment of the Moscow branch of Khrunichev. However, a few years later that branch was demolished, and the territory was given over to the construction of offices. The production of "Angara" was offered to Omsk. The process of transferring production began back in 2015 and lasted five years, while simultaneously extending the flight test program of the rocket. The first flight of Angara-A5 was carried out in December 2014, and the second one almost six years later, on December 14, 2020. At the same time, as the former general director and ex-designer of the Khrunichev Center Vladimir Nesterov said, the high cost of the Angara-A5 heavy rocket is explained by the waste of budget money and the inexpediency of production. Therefore, it is not surprising that in modern Russia it takes 20–30 years to develop rockets, spacecraft and orbital modules. “Angara-A5” was of great importance © Roscosmos Yes, Angara launches will be much cheaper than Delta IV Heavy launches, but in 2014–2020 it is twice as expensive as a Proton-M launch, which is natural, due to serial production. "Proton". The cost of launch services for the Angara rocket is approaching $100 million, and for the Proton and Sokol-9 rockets - up to 50 million, said Sergei Kuznetsov,…
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The Minister of Education of the Angara region took part in the campaign “Let’s rent together! Day of passing the Unified State Exam of parents” Posting in CHAT: Russia 03/30/2024 Irkutsk region participates in the All-Russian campaign “Rent Together!” The day of passing the Unified State Exam of Parents." The regional Minister of Education Maxim Parfenov, together with other participants in the action, conducted a historical examination today, March 30, at the site of secondary school No. 14 in Irkutsk. Parents Irkutsk schoolchildren also took part in the testing. The all-Russian event for parents, initiated by the Federal Service for Control in Education and Science, will be held in 2024 for the eighth time. a version of the Unified State Examination in History, which gives an idea of the different types of examination tasks in this subject. - This is not the first time I have participated in this event, but I must admit that I worry every time, like every person before testing their knowledge, even if it really is not at all which does not affect. I hoped that my knowledge of history, acquired many years ago at the history department of the pedagogical institute, would not let me down, although I forgot a lot. I saw that the parents in the hall were worried, especially in the first minutes of the exam. But having received detailed instructions and the tasks themselves, I pulled myself together and focused on them. I hope for good results,” Maxim Parfenov shared his impressions immediately after the exam. The minister noted that the event for parents was designed to show them how the Unified State Examination takes place: entering the examination room (PPE), registering and seating participants in classes, checking the objectivity of the exams, printing and scanning. testing and measuring materials for personal protective equipment. Such knowledge of details relieves psychological stress among parents and helps them create a positive attitude among the graduates themselves. The event was traditionally also attended by representatives of government bodies, parliamentary troops and public organizations. In anticipation of the exam results, a dialogue between parents took place with the minister and the organizers of the exam campaign in the region, who answered questions related to the upcoming final certification. They also touched upon the topic of organizing a retake in one of the Unified State Exam subjects for graduates before the end of the university’s admissions campaign. This initiative was expressed in the Address of Russian President Vladimir Putin to the Federal Assembly. Maxim Parfenov confirmed that graduates will have such an opportunity in 2024, during the main examination period. This was announced at a recent meeting of Rosobrnadzor with the heads of regional education departments. The federal department confirmed that a graduate can choose to retake one of the subjects he has completed, and his previous result in this subject will be cancelled. The draft new Unified State Examination schedule for 2024 is currently being discussed, which provides for a separate day for all retakes. Summing up the results of the round table, the minister once again drew the attention of parents to the main idea of the campaign “Let's rent together! Parents' Day for Passing the Unified State Exam" - children will definitely cope with the exams, the main thing for them now is peace of mind and friendly support from those closest to them, their parents. After completion of the promotion, each participant received a certificate with data on accumulated points. Source link Source link