The adoption of the BULAVA marked the beginning of a large-scale renewal of the entire fleet of strategic nuclear submarines of the Russian Federation. SPHERICAL Posting in CHAT: Russia Recently, the general designer of the state enterprise "Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering" Yuri Solomonov announced that the intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM "Bulava") was adopted for service, which is fundamentally different from all strategic missiles operated by the Russians. Federation for now. This is a colossal technological breakthrough in Russian science and industry, and, of course, such a step could not but launch processes on a much larger scale. Let's talk about them. Where did the Bulava come from? The collapse of the Soviet Union sharply raised the question of creating a new generation of strategic missile submarines (SSBNs), since it turned out that the existing ones were no longer relevant. There were also problems with weapons, associated, again, with the collapse of the Union. It was then that Project 955 began development of a fourth-generation SSBN codenamed "Borey". It was decided to use the almost ready-made D-19 UTTH “Bark” missile system, developed since 1986, as the strike force of these boats. In this configuration, on November 2, 1996, the first nuclear submarine of the 4th generation, Yuri Dolgoruky, was laid down. It was planned to finish it by 2006, but it didn’t work out. This is a very complex process that Russia simply did not engage in at the end of the 1990s. In addition, the schedule was constantly changing due to delivery delays. Against this background, the R-39UTTH “Bark” solid-fuel missiles, three launches of which failed miserably, received disappointing ratings, and there was no time to improve them. Thus, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation decided to replace the Bark with a fundamentally new missile system (RK) D-30 with a solid-fuel ballistic missile R-30 Bulava. He pulled the entire industry along with him. The design of the missile heads provides for individual guidance with the ability to maneuver. This made it possible to simultaneously minimize the likelihood of successful interception of warheads and deliver powerful strikes with one missile simultaneously against several targets located at a great distance. These differences could not be compared with the Bark systems, so the 955 Borei project was forced to undergo enormous changes. This caused delays in the readiness of the main SSBNs. But when “reworking” the system, the designers completely redesigned the technical component and removed the installation of two shafts, which was an absolute innovation for Russia, because previously nuclear submarines had two shafts and two hulls. Instead, they installed an almost silent water-jet engine with high traction qualities. As a result, in 2008, the updated K-535 “Yuri Dolgoruky” was launched. Then difficulties began with the launches of the Bulava itself - the missiles simply went into abnormal operation, deviated from the calculated course, and the media called it a “floating failure.” Of course, the situation could not help but cause caustic comments from Western countries on this matter. And the saddest thing is that they were not unfounded, because the Russian Federation really lagged behind in this direction, and it had a very long time to catch up. Thus, it became clear that the problem lay in incorrect rocket assembly technology, which made it possible to find a solution. In 2011, testing resumed and was successful, ending by 2013. Submarine fleet of the 4th generation From this moment on, the lead SSBN of Project 955 “Yuri Dolgoruky” became part of the 31st submarine division of the Northern Fleet. The cruiser's displacement is 24 thousand tons. The maximum number of missiles it launches is 16. Almost immediately after this, two more nuclear submarines were ready - Alexander Nevsky and Vladimir Monomakh. And in July 2021, the lead boat of the new modernized project “Prince Vladimir” was laid down at Sevmash. They differ in that their cases are built taking into account the optimization of the design of previous models. Such boats are being produced as part of a new project called “Borey A”. Currently, the Russian Navy has 7 nuclear submarines manufactured according to both projects, some of them were completed by “Prince Oleg”, “Generalissimo Suvorov” and “Emperor Alexander III”. And 3 more SSBNs are under construction. As for the missiles themselves, after 2013 all tests were carried out as usual. It took several years to fine-tune it, and various launches were made. For example, in 2018, a salvo of four missiles was launched simultaneously, and in the fall of 2023, the Bulava was successfully launched by the Emperor Alexander III SSBN as part of ship testing. A total of 40 test launches were carried out by the end of 2022, which made it possible to confidently make a decision on the official deployment of these missiles. Thus, during the development of missiles, the entire nuclear submarine fleet of the Russian Federation changed its appearance. But it all started with them. This latest step means that Russia's strategic deterrent forces will become even more maneuverable, fast and stealthy. After all, the good thing about a solid-fuel rocket is that it can be stored in a burning state for decades, and, if necessary, quickly brought into combat readiness. Therefore, enemies should exert the last forces of their diplomacy before everything reaches the point of no return. 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Bonya decided to get rid of her daughter after the news of the child’s adoption Posting in CHAT: Russia Victoria Bonya with her daughter Photo: social networks Victoria Bonya is raising her only daughter Angelina, born from her common-law husband Alex Smurfit. The socialite lived with him for seven years. After that, Bonya did not have a permanent relationship, and she did not have a chance to become a mother again. Recently, the celebrity admitted that she dreams of a son. Victoria even came up with a name for the baby - Everest. However, Victoria Raidos, a participant in the “Battle of Psychics,” is sure that Boni’s plans will not come true. Vika herself will not be able to give birth. Then Bonya expressed a desire to adopt a child. In the meantime, she is considering this step, her daughter will go to study in England. Victoria admits that she hates school. She admitted that the “nightmare of her childhood” continues with Angelina. The girl, like her mother, does not like school. “Have you been counting down the days until school and waking up terrified all summer?” – Bonya asked the fans. Let us remember that a year ago Victoria took Angelina from school in Monaco due to massive bullying of the girl. Bonya transferred her daughter to home schooling. “I took my daughter from school in Monaco, where she studied for many years. Switched to online learning. Because I don't like the way she thinks about her state after school. She always said that she didn't like school, I thought that was normal because a lot of kids don't like school. And now I feel all the anxiety,” said the star. Source link Source link
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adoption of Russian children by foreigners will stop completely – Russia today Posting in CHAT: Russia In January 2023, the Ministry of Education proposed to postpone the adoption of a bill that would introduce a ban on the adoption of Russian children by citizens of hostile countries. It was noted that Russia has concluded four international adoption agreements with Spain, France, Italy and Israel. The adoption of a new law and the denunciation of these four treaties could lead to Russia losing the opportunity to accompany already adopted children abroad. Source link Source link